Demographic tendencies in western Europe facilitated this “colonization.” The settlers—certain of private independence, mounted rents, and a few evaluate of self-administration and functioning under the so-termed German Regulation—founded new villages and towns or reorganized old types. Cities been given formal charters (Wrocław in 1242, Poznań in 1253, Kraków in 1257) https://polawede.tumblr.com/